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History of Santa Fe
“ Santa Fe settlers are “churlish types” who are “accustomed
to live apart from each other, as neither fathers nor sons associate
with each other."
—Governor Fermín de Mendinueta, c. 1776
The City of Santa
Fe was originally occupied by a number of Pueblo Indian villages
with founding dates between 1050 to 1150. The Santa Fe River
provided water to people living there.
Santa Fe was the
capital of Nuevo México, a province of New Spain explored by
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and established in 1515. The "Kingdom
of New Mexico" was first claimed for the Spanish Crown in 1540,
almost 70 years before the founding of Santa Fe. Coronado and his
men also traveled to the Grand Canyon and through the Great Plains
on their New Mexico expedition.
 Spanish
colonists first settled in northern New Mexico in 1598. Don Juan de
Oñate became the first Governor and Captain-General of New Mexico
and established his capital in 1598 near Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo
(formerly known as San Juan Pueblo), 25 miles (40 km) north of Santa
Fe. The city of Santa Fe was founded by Don Pedro de Peralta, New
Mexico's third governor. Peralta gave the city its full name, "La
Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís", or "The Royal
City of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi."
The
town was formally founded in 1608 and made a capital in 1610, making
it
the oldest capital city in what is today the United States.
Jamestown, Virginia (1607) is of similar vintage but not as a
capital. Santa Fe is at least the third oldest surviving American
city founded by European colonists, behind the oldest St. Augustine,
Florida (1565). (A few settlements were founded prior to St.
Augustine but all failed, including the original Pensacola colony in
West Florida, founded by Tristán de Luna y Arellano in 1559, with
the area abandoned in 1561 due to hurricanes, famine and warring
tribes. Fort Caroline, founded by the French in 1564 in what is
today Jacksonville, Florida only lasted a year before being
obliterated by the Spanish in 1565.)
 Except
for the years 1680-1692, when, as a result of the Pueblo Revolt, the
native Pueblo people drove the Spaniards out of the area known as
New Mexico, later to be reconquered by Don Diego de Vargas, Santa Fe
remained Spain's provincial seat until the outbreak of the Mexican
War of Independence in 1810. In 1824 the city's status as the
capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fé de Nuevo México was
formalized in the 1824 Constitution.
Santa Fe
and the United States
“ I can hardly imagine how [Santa Fe] is
supported. The country around it is barren. At the North stands a
snow-capped mountain while the valley in which the town is situated
is drab and sandy. The streets are narrow... A Mexican will walk
about town all day to sell a bundle of grass worth about a dime.
They are the poorest looking people I ever saw. They subsist
principally on mutton, onions and red pepper. ” —letter from
an American traveler, 1849
In 1841, a small military and
trading expedition set out from Austin, Texas, with the aim of
gaining control over the Santa Fe Trail. Known as the Santa Fe
Expedition the force was poorly prepared and was easily repelled by
the Mexican army. In 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico,
and Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny led the main body of his
Army of the West of some 1,700 soldiers into the city to claim it
and the whole New Mexico Territory for the United States. By 1848 it
officially gained New Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo.
Colonel Alexander William Doniphan under the command
of Kearny recovered ammunition from Santa Fe labeled "Spain 1776"
showing both the quality of communication and military support New
Mexico received under Mexican rule, or that it was a peaceful city
until Anglo-Americans arrived.
In 1851, Jean Baptiste Lamy
arrived in Santa Fe and began construction of Saint Francis
Cathedral. For a few days in March 1862, the Confederate flag of
General Henry Sibley flew over Santa Fe, until he was defeated by
Union troops.
Santa Fe was originally envisioned as an
important stop on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. But as
the tracks progressed into New Mexico, the civil engineers decided
that it was more practical to go through Lamy, a town in Santa Fe
County to the south of Santa Fe. The result was a gradual economic
decline. This was reversed in part through the creation of a number
of resources for the arts and archaeology, notably the School of
American Research, created in 1907 under the leadership of the
prominent archaeologist Edgar Lee Hewett. The first aeroplane to fly
over Santa Fe was piloted by Rose Dugan, carrying Vera von
Blumenthal as passenger. Together they started the development of
the Pueblo Indian pottery industry, a major contribution to the
founding of the annual Santa Fe Indian Market.
In 1912, New
Mexico became the United States of America's 47th state, with Santa
Fe as its capital.
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Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Youth – targeted toward eligible youth ages 16-21 years of age
Classroom Training (CRT)- HELP-New Mexico assists high school dropouts with GED preparation and/or tutoring and provides tutoring to high school students in need of improving basic skills. (Reading, Math, Language)
Work Experience(WE)- HELP-New Mexico seeks employers willing to provide work experience training to individuals that have little or no work history.
National Farm Workers Job Program (NFJP)- targeted toward eligible seasonal or migrant farm workers and their dependents 18 years of age and older.
On the Job Training (OJT) - HELP-New Mexico seeks employers who will provide training to enhance possessed skills, in growing fields of employment that offer competitive wages to participants . HELP-NM reimburses the employer up to 50% of the training cost for a period of up to 12 weeks.
Classroom Training (CRT) - HELP-New Mexico offers GED preparation and CRT needed to improve the employment status of participants.
Community Services Block Grant (CSBG): Provide work readiness training along with supportive services with the goal of helping people reach a higher level of self-sufficiency. CSBG funds are also utilized to help individual/families who need emergency services.
Other Services provided include but are not limited to
Life Skills Training
Career Exploration
Resume assistance
Supportive Services Referrals
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